Background
Recently, Arvind Kejriwal (AAP) claimed that 5,874 farmers committed suicide in Gujarat in last 10 years. Whereas, the Gujarat government claims that only 1 farmer suicide in Gujarat was due to crop failure. The other suicides were not related to crop failures, and they were due other reasons such as family issues. The farmers do not show a greater tendency to commit suicide than the general population, particularly in Gujarat. Let’s have a detailed look.
No. of farmers in Gujarat
There are 54.47 lakh cultivators and 68 lakh agricultural workers in Gujarat (2011 census). Hence,
| Total no. | As % of total population | |
|---|---|---|
| Cultivators in Gujarat | 5.447 million | 9.0% |
| Cultivators + Agricultural laborers in Gujarat | 5.447 + 6.8 million | 20.3% |
Farmer suicide statistics (as per Govt records)
NCRB classifies the suicides by employment categories. For Gujarat, the NCRB states that 564 people in the agricultural employment category committed suicide in 2012. 5,302 committed suicide during 2003-2012 (10-year period). 5,872 committed suicide during 2002-2012 (11-year period). Source: 1 2
Farmer suicides vs. non-farmer suicides
| State | Farmer suicides as a % of total suicides |
|---|---|
| Maharashtra | 23.50% |
| Andhra Pradesh | 18.10% |
| Uttar Pradesh | 16.80% |
| Karnataka | 14.70% |
| Kerala | 12.70% |
| Madhya Pradesh | 12.00% |
| Assam | 10.50% |
| Sikkim | 10.50% |
| Haryana | 9.80% |
| Jharkhand | 9.00% |
| Bihar | 9.00% |
| Arunachal Pradesh | |
| Gujarat | 7.90% |
Conclusion
Despite being 9% of the total population of Gujarat, the farmers constitute only 7.9% of those who have committed suicide. This is assuming that NCRB has not counted farm laborers under the employment category “farming”. If that’s the case, the condition is even better: despite being 20% of the population, those involved in agriculture in Gujarat form only 7.9% of the people who committed suicide.
Thus, there is a good possibility that the Gujarat government’s claim is right.
Note: Some AAP supporters will try to use above data to claim that everyone, not just farmers, in Gujarat is committing suicide. For such people, here is a list of states/UTs with the highest suicide rates (suicide/population) in India (Source: NCRB)
| State/UT | Suicide rate (2012) |
|---|---|
| Puducherry | 36.8 |
| Sikkim | 29.1 |
| Tamil Nadu | |
| Kerala | 24.3 |
| Andaman & Nicobar | 23.6 |
| Tripura | 23 |
| Chhattisgarh | 22.9 |
| Karnataka | 21.2 |
| Dadra & Nagar Haveli | 17.6 |
| Mizoram | 17 |
| Andhra Pradesh | 16.6 |
| West Bengal | 16.5 |
| Goa | 15.8 |
| Maharashtra | 14 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 13.3 |
| Daman & Diu | 12.6 |
| Odisha | 12.2 |
| Gujarat | 11.8 |
This was posted on Reddit (could not find the exact link)